Divergence in African Yam Bean Accessions, Promote Utilization

Abstract

Sphenostylis stenocarpa (African yam bean) is an underutilized legume with significant nutritional benefits that could enhance security of food and nutrition in Nigeria. Despite its potential, limited knowledge of the available germplasm and their diverse traits has restricted its optimal use. This study assessed 10 accessions of African yam bean using morphological descriptors. Quantitative traits such as terminal leaf length and width, petiole length, peduncle length (cm), number of leaves, pod weight and pod length showed significant variation among the accessions. Cluster analysis (Ward's method) grouped the accessions into three clusters, primarily differentiated by traits like flowering duration, maturity period, petiole length, terminal leaf width, and pod length. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that these traits were the main contributors to variability in the first principal component. Genetic correlation analysis demonstrated significant interrelationships among the 15 measured traits, suggesting that selecting one trait could indirectly improve others in breeding programs. This study provides critical insights into genetic diversity present in the African yam bean gene pool, offering valuable information for its genetic enhancement and breeding with the aim to addressing food and nutritional security issues in sub-Saharan Africa.